Do it yourself

Notwithstanding the official position about the state of economy in the US, the market is building an elevated probability of a recession (or a recession like, if I may say so) situation in 2023. The short term (1-2yr) bond yields are now higher than the benchmark 10yr yields in a number of developed economies, including US, UK, Canada, Sweden, and emerging economies like Brazil, Mexico, Hong Kong, Turkey, Pakistan etc. Historically, the yield curve inversion has been a harbinger of recession in the majority of instances. For example, in the case of the US, the yield curve inversion has been followed by a recession in all of the past seven instances. In this context, it is important to note that the US Federal Reserve (Fed) and European Central Bank (ECB) have unambiguously stated that they are willing to accept a measured slowdown in the economy to achieve the goal of price control. The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) also stated categorically that f...

After almost a decade the Indian financial sector seems to be out of troubled waters. Almost all significant banks are beyond solvency concerns and set to progress in the path of growth. The asset quality has shown steady improvement for most banks despite Covid disruptions. The loan growth has improved from historic lows seen in the past few years. Earning growth is strongly aided by healthy recovery from the bad accounts. Moreover, the loan books of most tier 1 and Tier 2 banks are tested for stress and provisions are adequate to meet most foreseen adversities. These institutions have come a long way from the first announcement of Dirty Dozen (the largest 12 non performing accounts) in the summer of 2017. Eight of the notified 12 accounts have been resolved with more than 50% recovery. Resolution is under progress for two accounts and the other two are under liquidation. As of the end of FY22, no major potential stressed account has been reported that can materially alter the curre...

 The latest episode of global inflation is impacting peoples’ lives in multiple ways, especially in developed countries where the present generation of citizens has not experienced this kind of rise in the cost of living; borrowing cost and challenges in accessing consumer credit. It is of course a significant challenge for the young investors and professional money managers who have been raised in an environment of profligate fiscal policies; abundance of liquidity; near zero cost of borrowing; persistent struggle to mitigate the deflationary pressures and unchallenged US supremacy over global markets and geopolitics. For them all the assumptions that underlined their investment strategies might be falling apart; just like the Dreamliner Titanic. This episode of inflation and consequent monetary tightening would indubitably prove to be an important life lesson for the young investors and money managers; and go a long way in defining the future investment strategies and market di...

 The NITI Aayog recently published “India Innovation Index 2021” report, which presents “an in-depth analysis of the state of innovation in the Indian economy”. The India Innovation Index 2021 presents state-wise rankings based on the innovation landscape and performance of the country’s states and union territories. The latest framework of the index has been mapped from the Global Innovation Index, published annually by WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization). The report earnestly recognizes that human capital is the source of innovative ideas, knowledge, and practices. It notes that high innovation capabilities need heavy investment in human capital development at all levels to develop skills beyond technical knowledge, e.g., imaginative thinking, devising methods to tackle complex issues and keeping pace with the times. The report emphasizes “the practice of promoting innovation at the grassroots is necessary to fully utilise the potential of the indigenous knowledge...

About two months ago, I received a late night call from one of my close acquaintances. The man was in a tearing hurry. Almost gasping for breath, he informed me that the stock market in India is going to crash and the benchmark Nifty is certain to fall to at least 12500 levels. He had learned from some very credible sources that the markets world over are going to crash soon; and India may actually go the Sri Lanka way. “Crude prices will top US$140/bbl soon and USDINR will collapse to 85”, he sounded extremely confident. Half asleep, I did not know how to react to his claims instantaneously. To buy some time to react, I pleaded “could we discuss this in the morning, please!”. When I called him in the afternoon, the next day, he had already liquidated half of his portfolio. He sounded quite relieved and exuded the confidence of a victor. I had no contact with him, till he called again yesterday evening. This time, he wanted to know “Could Nifty make a new high in the next 3-4months?” I...

 The monsoon this year is progressing well. At midpoint of the season, about 70% of 703 districts in the country have received normal to excess rains; and only 5% districts are witnessing a large deficiency. With the dark monsoon clouds hovering over most parts of the country, the skies in markets appear bright and sunny. The stock markets and bonds have mostly recouped the losses made in the past four months. USDINR is also trading at two months low. Economic indicators are no longer worsening – inflation is high but stable; tax collections are strong; fiscal deficit is under control; core sector growth is recovering; bank credit to industry is picking up; leading indicators like vehicle sales (especially commercial vehicles), freight carried; port & railway traffic are all showing signs of stabilization and recovery. Current accounts are a cause of concern. However, positive FPI flows in July and recent correction in global crude oil prices are providing at least some comfo...

 The US Federal Reserve has comforted the global markets with assurance of maintaining strong intent to control prices while not being unnecessarily disruptive in terms of monetary tightening. The markets are apparently reading a 0.9% contraction in the US economy in 2Q2022, as sufficient ground for the Fed to be mindful of the likely disruptive impact of the future hikes; given that the US economy is technically in recession after having contracted for two consecutive quarters in 2022. The marked slowdown in the economic activities in Europe and China; and easing of the global logistic bottlenecks has noticeably moderated the inflationary expectations, as reflected in the yield curves across the globe. The fears of 1930s type hyperinflation appear to have subsided, at least for now. The equity valuations are gradually adjusting to “above zero” and “neutral” interest rate regimes. The recognition of “positive rates” however is still missing from the popular narrative and hence re...

 The struggle between Newton's law of gravity and global markets is perennial. Many times it appears that the markets are defying the laws of gravity and breaking out of their orbit. However, in the end, it is the law of gravity that has always won. Notwithstanding the distance covered away from the “fair value zone”, and the time spent in the away zone, the asset prices invariably tend to return to the fair value zone. In the common market parlance these digressions and eventual return to normalcy is described by the phrases like Overbought, Oversold, Overvaluation, Undervaluation, Mean Reversion, etc. It is important to note that a long time spent away from the fair value zone could be very deceptive for investors. Sometimes it gives an illusion that the fair value zone for the subject asset may have already shifted higher or lower and the current price is actually closer to the fair value zone. The investors lacking in discipline and/or conviction may fall for this deception a...

 Hikes another 75bps The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) of the US Federal Reserve (Fed) hiked the federal fund rate by 75bps yesterday to the range of 2.25% - 2.50%. This is the second 75bps hike in two months. In the post meeting press interaction the Fed chairman Jerome Powell outrightly rejected the speculations that the US economy is in recession. The FOMC members are of the opinion that the strong labor market allows the US economy to tolerate rapid monetary tightening. For the first time since February 2020, the FOMC statement did not mention Covid or coronavirus. …leaves the door open for further data dependent hikes Reiterating the commitment to achieve the 2% inflation target, Powell also indicated that while another unusually large increase could be appropriate at our next meeting, the FOMC would set policy on a meeting-by-meeting basis rather than offer explicit guidance on the size of their next rate move, as he has done recently; thus, leaving the future ...

The Nifty Metal Index has gained over 10% in the past one month; outperforming the benchmark Nifty50 (+4.5%) by 2x. Six out of the total fifteen Index components have gained over 10%, with Hindalco (+16%) being the top gainer amongst the metal producers. In this period, the Bloomberg Commodity Index is down by ~2%; LME aluminum futures are down ~2.5%; LME copper futures are down ~9.5%; Brent Crude prices are down ~11%; NYMEX gold futures are down ~5.5% and China Steel Bar prices are down ~10%. Also, in the past one month, the benchmark US 10yr Treasury Bond yields are down 9% from 3.13% to 2.78%; and the US Dollar Index (DXY) is up by 1.9%. I find the divergence between performance of metal stocks and global trends a little intriguing. The global commodity prices, bond yields and US Dollar movement etc. are all pointing to a significant slowdown (if not recession) in demand. The outlook for the domestic demand in India is also not enthusiastic in the near term. The 1QFY23 results...

 In the next couple of days, the market participants world over will be focused on the FOMC statement on Fed rates, inflation & growth outlook and guidance for the monetary policy direction in the near term (next 3-6months). The “active” market participants in India, in particular, would be staying awake till late midnight on Wednesday to hear what Fed Chairman Jerome Powell has to say. The fact that Thursday happens to be the monthly derivative settlement for July contracts, makes the Fed decision, and likely reaction in our markets on Thursday morning, even more pertinent for the derivative traders in India. Besides the derivative traders, the currency traders; bond traders and corporate treasury managers who need to actively manage their Fx exposure, would also staying awake to see how the US Dollar, EUR and US Treasuries behaves post the FOMC statement and try to assess how Indian bonds and INR may react in near term. Our markets may however be relieved to a great dea...

The debate over whether “equity investing” is an art or science is never ending. There are arguments on both sides, but none of these appear strong enough to settle the debate. Almost all episodes of this debate usually end with the compromising statement - “Equity investment is both an art and a science.” The application of quantitative research and financial models does give it a scientific color. But use of quantitative methods and financial models is highly influenced by the personal preferences, experience, estimates and prejudices of the user. Invariably, the forecasts of fundamental analysts vary based on what parameters they have used in forming their respective opinions. For example, a 50bps difference in weighted average cost of capital (WACC) used by two analysts could give dramatically different assessments for the fair value of a stock. As someone pointed out, fundamental analysis of equity stocks is like navigating a car. While all the cars are designed scientifically, th...

Last night I got a call from a friend who had been staying in London for the past 3years. He wanted to know what type of air-conditioner is better – window or split type. He sounded quite hassled as he was figuring out how the air conditioner would be installed in his rented apartment; what kind of permissions would be required; whether he can get a skilled technician to install an air conditioner; and how much would be the operational cost (electricity bill) for using an air-conditioner in London. I am sure he was overreacting to an ordinary situation, because the situation is dramatically asymmetrical to his perception of life in London. This summer seems to be particularly hard for the Britons. The mercury has soared past 40 degree Celsius, apparently for the first time ever in history. The native white population is particularly perturbed as they are finding the heat unbearable. Citizens are commonly reporting problems like skin burns, dehydration, breathlessness, nausea, exhaustio...

 A recent Reuter’s article ( see here ) drew attention towards some ominous signs emanating from the bond pricing of emerging markets that are more vulnerable to default on their sovereign obligations. Noting the signals like weakening currencies, bond spread widening beyond 1000bps, and dwindling Fx reserves, it concludes that a record number of developing economies might be “in trouble” now. More than US$400bn worth of sovereign debt could be facing default. While the countries like Russia, Sri Lanka, Lebanon, Zambia etc. have already defaulted on their obligation, the usual suspects like Argentina and Pakistan etc. appear on the precipice of a default. The serial defaulter Argentina (US$150bn); Ecuador 9US$40bn); and Egypt (US$45bn) may actually default much sooner. If the war drags on for a couple of more months, Ukraine may also default on US$20bn debt payments. Of course, the sovereign defaults are not new and the US$400bn default might not look massive in the context of ...

 One good thing about the Monsoon season in North India is that this is the season for new crops of fruits from hill states. We get fresh and juicy pears, plums, apples, cherries, peaches etc.; besides, juicier varieties of mangoes like Chausa and Langda. A visit to the fruit market in Gurgaon yesterday however left a little sour taste in my mouth. None of the seasonal fruit was selling at less than Rs100kg. Apples are more than Rs200/kg. Even mangoes are selling at a rate of Rs120-250/kg. The vendors selling from carts and smaller shops are unhappy as sales are down notably due to higher prices; and a larger than usual quantity of their merchandise is going to waste due to rotting. The consumer is obviously unhappy as even the seasonal fruits are becoming unaffordable for many of them. The importers of fruits from South East Asia and Americas are also not particularly happy as the demand for expensive and exotic fruits is diminishing consistently due to higher prices. I shall ma...