Vijay Kumar Gaba: October 2013

Thursday, October 31, 2013

Some said, some unsaid - II

Thought for the day

“The person who doesn't scatter the morning dew will not comb gray hairs.”

- Hunter S. Thompson (American, 1937-2005)

Word of the day

Crepuscule (n)

Twilight, Dusk

(Source: Dictionary.com)

Shri Nārada Uvāca

Ain’t “Legacy” a dynastic word?

Would Congress also claim the legacy of Subhash Chandra Bose, B. R. Ambedkar, Acharya Kriplani, Purushottam Das Tandon, Jai Prakash, Ram Manohar Lohia, Morarjj Desai, Jagjiwan Ram, V. P. Singh, and P. V. Narasimha Rao among others.

What about Pheroz Gandhi and Sanjay Gandhi?

Some said, some unsaid - II

…continuing from Yesterday (see here)

Said: “it is important to break the spiral of rising price pressures in order to curb the erosion of financial saving and strengthen the foundations of growth. It is in this context that the LAF repo rate has been increased by 25 basis points.”

Unsaid: The negative real rates persisting for long have eroded financial savings and weakened the foundations of growth. Expect rates to remain high or even go higher, till the time real rates become positive so as to incentivize higher financial savings.

Said: “With the reduction of the MSF rate and the increase in the repo rate in this review, the process of re-aligning the interest rate corridor to normal monetary policy operations is now complete.”

Unsaid: The normalization of monetary policy means that the short term rates have bottomed at elevated level and the repo rate may not become the effective rate in near term. Moreover, it would not be reasonable to expect further easing of liquidity and/or foreign currency deposit/borrowing rules.

Said: “On the external sector, a perceptible narrowing of the trade deficit coupled with policy interventions have brought some calm to the foreign exchange market, but normalcy will be restored only when the demand for dollars from public sector oil marketing companies is fully returned to the market.”

Unsaid: The calm in currency market may not endure for long. Expect closure of swap window for OMCs in near future.

RBI calendar

· Mid-Quarter Review of Monetary Policy for 2013-14 on Wednesday, December 18, 2013.

· Third Quarter Review of Monetary Policy for 2013-14 on , January 28, 2014.

Tasks to be completed by end November

· Place the draft report of the group on Basel III Regulation on Countercyclical Capital Buffer on the RBI’s website for inviting comments/suggestions from various stakeholders.

· Place a draft of the proposed framework for Domestic Systemically Important Banks (D-SIBs) on the RBI’s website.

· Issue updated guidelines on stress testing of banks.

· To issue the Scheme of Subsidiarisation of foreign banks

· Revised restructuring guidelines for NBFCs

Tasks to be completed by end 2013

· Issue final guidelines on unhedged foreign currency exposures.

· Launch Inflation Indexed National Saving Securities for retail investors.

· Launch cash settled 10-year interest rate futures contracts.

Wednesday, October 30, 2013

Some said, some unsaid

Thought for the day

“If you ask me anything I don't know, I'm not going to answer.”

- Yogi Berra(American, 1925 - )

Word of the day

Somnambulism (n)

Sleepwalking

(Source: Dictionary.com)

Shri Nārada Uvāca

Should the election commission direct that during coming election:

(a) All lotus ponds should be covered.

(b) All people should keep their hands covered at all times.

(c) All bicycles should be kept under cover.

(d) All elephants should be kept under cover.

(e) All brooms be kept under cover and Delhi roads may not be swept.

Some said, some unsaid

RBI governor released the second quarterly review of monetary policy for FY14. Apparently there were no surprises in the statement made by the governor and the changes in monetary policy stance. We highlight some key points that might have remained unsaid in the policy statement.

Said: “Domestically, while industrial activity has weakened, strengthening export growth, signs of revival in some services along with the expected pick-up in agriculture could increase the real GDP growth from 4.4 per cent in Q1 to a central estimate of 5.0 per cent for the year as a whole. The revival of large stalled projects and the pipeline cleared by the Cabinet Committee on Investment may buoy investment and overall activity towards the close of the year.”

Unsaid: The modest economic recovery in 2HFY14 would totally depend on improvement in external sector and revival of large stalled projects. Reversals in global recovery and/or a dysfunctional government prior to elections would mean growth could end up at lower end of the projected 4.2% - 6.2% range.

Said: “In the meantime, with many large entities holding back on payments, liquidity pressures are building up on small and medium enterprises. A number (of SMEs) are facing conditions of financial distress. Remedies partly lie in the speed-up of government and public sector payments, and on measures to channel credit to small and medium enterprises.”

Unsaid: The financial stress in the system is mostly due to inefficiencies, inaction and corruption at the government and PSU level. Excessive risk aversion at Bank level may also be responsible for this to some extent.

Said: “Both wholesale and consumer price inflation are likely to remain elevated in the months ahead, warranting an appropriate policy response.”

Unsaid: Good monsoon outcome may not bring down food inflation. We need more effective policy measures (read supply side augmentation) to bring consumer inflation under control. In the meantime expect rates to remain higher.

Said: “We have calibrated liquidity management to the system’s requirements. We are providing liquidity through overnight LAF repos, through export credit refinance and through 7-day and 14-day term repos. We have also given greater flexibility in managing reserve requirements. Going forward, however, the more durable strategy for mitigating mismatches between the supply of, and demand for, funds is for banks to step up efforts to mobilise deposits.”

Unsaid: RBI does not have more leverage for providing additional liquidity. Banks should raise deposit rates to mobilize additional deposits. Real rates need to be positive to achieve equilibrium between credit demand and deposits.

…to continue tomorrow

Tuesday, October 29, 2013

25bps or 50bps does not matter much

The RBI’s macroeconomic review released yesterday has unleashed a debate over how much the Governor will tighten today.

In our view, the debate over 25bps vs 50bps is futile.

The concoction of 10yr yields 8.25-8.50%, WPI inflation 6.5-7%, CPI inflation at 8-9%; at a time when GDP growth below 5% is intoxicating enough to stop any major advances in the economy. It would not matter much even if Rajan maintains status quo today, or cuts MSF 25-50bps without touching the rates.

Prima facie it appears that RBI is fuelling fears of larger rate hike to deliver 25bps hike and still make the markets happy. Welcome Fed style policy making to RBI.

Syndicate Bank yesterday highlighted what to expect from most PSUs on asset quality in coming days.

Reality check @Nifty 6200 - V

Thought for the day

“October. This is one of the peculiarly dangerous months to speculate in stocks in. The others are July, January, September, April, November, May, March, June, December, August, and February.”

- Mark Twain (American, 1835-1910)

Word of the day

Dither (v)

To act irresolutely; vacillate.

(Source: Dictionary.com)

Shri Nārada Uvāca

Why Rahul Gandhi is helping Narendra Modi’s cause?

Reality check @Nifty 6200 - V

Market internals

In past five years the capital market in India has mostly failed in its primary function, viz., facilitating entrepreneurs in raising risk capital from investors. The character of the market has thus got constricted to a trading platform.

In that also, the liquidity has remained extremely thin. Over 95% of daily volume has got concentrated in top 50 stocks. The average daily cash turnover is almost half of 2007.

More importantly, the household investors who historically supplied long term stable money to the capital markets have been gradually losing interest. The direct retail participation in equity market, both secondary and primary is at lowest level in more than a decade. Even in mutual funds and equity linked insurance schemes they have been in gradually exiting.

In a survey conducted in March 2013 we discovered that the shift of household investors away from listed equity is rather structural and not likely to reverse in next 5-7years at the least. (See “Retail Conundrum” Part 1, Part II, Part III, Part IV).

Further, the constitution of market turnover has dramatically changed in past five years.

Till 2007, most activity was concentrated in individual stocks and stock futures. Average volatility was high and therefore arbitrage premiums were good. The market manipulation at Index level was difficult and less rewarding.

However, presently, over 80% of average daily reported turnover is in Nifty options only. The top 15 liquid Nifty stocks account for over 95% of Nifty movement. The Index level manipulation is therefore easy and rewarding, whereas arbitrage premiums are unattractive as volatility is persistently low.

The equity investing is thus virtually degenerating into trading and gambling.

Building a case for secular bull market thus is unfathomable and futile.

Market technicals

We have witnessed a strong bear market rally in past 8weeks. This rally though not as big, ferocious and wide spread as July 2007 – January 2008 bear market rally, but is similar in structure and design.

There are early indications that the rally might be losing momentum already. On daily charts MACD, RSI and Oscillators are all about to turn bearish.

Whereas on monthly and quarterly charts Nifty is not showing any sign of breaking out of its long term 5year range of 5200 – 6300 on regular basis. We may though continue to see occasional violations of both the side. For example, the reverse head and shoulder pattern on weekly chart suggests that in next 15months we might even test 6700 on the upside.

In immediate term, Nifty has small support at 5910 (50days EMA). A break below this level shall take Nifty back to 5480-5790 range in no time.

Also read:

Reality Check Part I

Reality Check Part II

Reality Check Part III

Reality Check Part IV

Case for Nifty 6700

Case for Nifty 4700

Retail Conundrum I

Retail Conundrum II

Retail Conundrum III

Retail Conundrum IV

Fathoming the unfathomable

Thought for the day

“Every choice you make has an end result.”

- Zig Ziglar (American, 1926)

Word of the day

Mishpocha (n)

An entire family network comprising relatives by blood and marriage and sometimes including close friends; clan.

(Source: Dictionary.com)

Shri Nārada Uvāca

If “Dynasty” is good for Doctors, Lawyers, CAs, Civil Servants, Actors, Singers, Musicians, Painters, Authors, Soldiers, Farmers, Goldsmiths, Business Owners and Managers, et. al. – then why not for politicians?

Fathoming the unfathomable

Earlier this month, we expressed our view that the latest debt deal by US politicians has created a breeding ground for black swans. We shall see them flocking the horizon in next 12-15months.

We received tremendous response to our view. While most readers focused on next couple of years, some of them provoked us to think little longer.

Based on exchange of communication with our readers during past one week, we could list the following eventualities which are not completely unfathomable at this point in time, but may still be considered black swan on occurrence as very few would be willing to bet money on these events in next few years.

(a) European Union disintegrates. The move may begin by non-Euro participants like UK and exacerbate on weaker economy choosing to have their own money printing power to handle their fiscal mess.

(b) Global investors’ patience with US politicians runs it complete course. Repeated episode of debt ceiling, shut down and dithering on a firm monetary policy stance could lead to substantial erosion in “safe haven” status of USD and US treasuries.

(c) USD declines without a proper succession plan in place. With no fiat alternative in place, the world is forced to adopt gold standard after a chaotic year in the global financial system and market place.

(d) Withdrawal of the US forces from Middle East leads to a mayhem. As disparate forces rush to take control of regions mineral resources and strategic posts, serious supply disruption occur in global energy market.

(e) The imbalances in the internal economy of the US grow beyond control leading to eruption of a civil war leading to renewed aggression for secession by resource rich states.

(f) Germany attempts to take control of indebted smaller European nations to safeguard his financial interest and in the process create a strategic alliance (as opposed to mere financial) of European nations. This leads to emergence of multiple poles in a largely unipolar world. Rise in Sino-Japan rivalry may provide further impetus to polarization. This could eventually lead to end of the era of peace that has existed post WWII. Given the demographic changes since WWII, EU and Japan could be major losers in the process.

(g) The commodity super cycle ends abruptly led by hard landing in China and stalled growth in other emerging markets. This leads chaos in commodity driven markets like Australia, Russia, Brazil etc. causing a global recession.

(h) Unlimited QE eventually fails in pulling out the world out of prolonged slow down and the world slips into recession – the deepest and worst ever.

It is important to clarify that these are not our views and we assign Nil probability to most of these outcome.

Friday, October 25, 2013

Reality check @Nifty 6200 - IV

Thought for the day

“I'm a true believer in karma. You get what you give, whether it's bad or good.”

- Sandra Bullock (American, 1964 - )

Word of the day

Falderal (n)

Mere nonsense; foolish talk or ideas.

(Source: Dictionary.com)

Shri Nārada Uvāca

What led to brutal assassination of Rahul Gandhi’s father and grandmother?

Reality check @Nifty 6200 - IV

Valuations

We recognize that in past couple of years, Indian equity markets have seen extreme polarization in terms of level of activity and valuations. Most of the activity is now concentrated in a handful of stocks. In fact the National Stock Exchange (NSE) has recognized the phenomenon and launched LIX 15, an index based on top 15 liquid stocks, which as per NSE tracks close to 95% of the prime 50 stock index CNX NIFTY. Accordingly, valuations of these top stocks have diverged substantially from the broader market.

Nonetheless, for the sake of argument, the valuations of benchmark indices are used.

Based on current estimates of next 12months earnings, Sensex is closing close to its long term average PE ratio of 15x. Given the low growth, stressed balance sheets, uncertainty over continuation of global flows and fragile global economic conditions, there is little probability of any sustainable re-rating of Indian markets in next 12 months at the least.

Even if we assume a 10% re-rating to 16x and best case 15% earnings growth in FY15, Sensex may offer 14-15% return. The risk reward ratio at this stage is therefore evenly poised. However, any further rise from current level in next couple of months would make this ratio adverse and susceptible to sharp sell-off.

On price to book basis Sensex is trading cheaper to its long term average. However, given the asset utilization ratio at decade low, higher leverage, chances of asset impairment and stress in receivable, this appears logical and does not need any improvement.

With the yield gap (1yr forward Sensex yield vs. 10yr bond yield) at over 150bps, the bull market is certainly far away.

…to continue on Monday

Also read:

Reality Check Part I

Reality Check Part II

Reality check Part III

Case for Nifty 6700

Case for Nifty 4700

Thursday, October 24, 2013

Reality check @Nifty 6200 - III

Thought for the day

“Legend remains victorious in spite of history.”

- Sarah Bernhardt (French, 1845-1923)

Word of the day

Chattel (n)

A movable article of personal property.

(Source: Dictionary.com)

Shri Nārada Uvāca

Wonder why have we not heard the name of Guru Ji Shibu Soren in connection with Coalgate?

Reality check @Nifty 6200 - III

Corporate profitability

The corporate profitability in India is at decade low. As per a recent report by brokerage firm Jefferies “return on equity (RoE) for Nifty (ex. financials) has declined from its peak of 26% in FY05 to near its decade lows at 14.8% in FY13. The decline has been led by a fall in asset utilization, lower margins and higher tax rate, in that order. While the decline has been mostly due to a cyclical downturn in economy, some sectors have seen structural decline on various parameters.”

The report highlights that Asset utilization for most sectors, except pharma and energy (due to crude price), has declined in recent years. Margins for most sectors, except IT, pharma and staples, have also declined. Moreover, RoEs for four of the ten sectors are currently below the cost of equity.

…to continue tomorrow

. Also read:

Reality Check Part I

Reality Check Part II

Wednesday, October 23, 2013

Reality check @Nifty 6200 - II

Thought for the day

“Stand upright, speak thy thoughts, declare The truth thou hast, that all may share;”

- Voltaire (French, 1694-1778)

Word of the day

Analysand (n)

A person undergoing psychoanalysis.

(Source: Dictionary.com)

Shri Nārada Uvāca

Could we draw some parallel between Malala and Modi or the thought is completely blasphemous?

Reality check @Nifty 6200 - II

Rates

In September RBI began to unwind the exceptional liquidity tightening measures announced in June-August period to stem the slid in INR. It was maintained that the difference between the MSF and repo rate will be brought down to 100 basis points. Since then MSF rates have been reduced by 125bps and Repo rates have hiked by 25bps. Currently the difference between short term MSF (9%) and Repo rates (7.5%) stands at 150bps.

RBI also announced an intention to return to normal monetary operations where the repo rate will return to being the effective policy, recognizing that inflationary pressures are mounting. The governor expressed his intent that when the repo rate becomes the effective policy rate, it should be consistent with inflationary conditions in the economy. The governor also highlighted that “Let us remember that the postponement of tapering is only that, a postponement. We must use this time to create a bullet proof national balance sheet and growth agenda, which creates confidence in citizens and investors alike.”

This read with (a) firming yields globally (b) persisting inflationary pressure and (c) constant need to defend INR by augmenting reserves through higher flows – implies that we may likely see repo rates rising by 25bps on 29^th October and perhaps another 25bps in December.

Benchmark 10yr yields currently at 8.6% are therefore not likely to come down in any significant proportion in next few months. For all, these may actually firm up a little.

Historically, with yields close to 9%, inflation at 7%, GDP growth sub 5% and earnings growth in single digit, equities have not done well for too long.

For household investors with long term tax free bonds yielding close to 9%, the bull case equity returns from current level are certainly not attractive enough.

Liquidity

Despite the recent measures taken by RBI to ease liquidity conditions, money market continues to be tight with overnight rates averaging over 9% and daily deficit persisting over INR1000bn.

The informal money market rates are currently running over 24% pa, a sign of extreme tight liquidity conditions. With busy season already on, and elections on the horizon, the situation is not likely to ease in next few months.

To the contrary, worsening working capital cycle, fiscal tightening leading to lower government spending and likely withdrawal of PSU cash balance from the banking system (for dividend or capex) could further accentuate the tightness. The recipients of dividend from PSU would be government, DFI and household investors. None of these is likely to re-invest in equity market.

The global liquidity though is easy at this point in time. This may remain so for next few months at the least. So keep watching daily FII flows and hold your breath.

…to continue tomorrow