Monday, April 21, 2014

Economics of Jugaad - good for survival, not so for growth


Thought for the day

“I dislike feeling at home when I am abroad.”

— George Bernard Shaw (Irish, 1856-1950)

Word for the day

Dyad (n)

Group of two; couple; pair.

(Source: Dictionary.com)

Teaser for the day

Does Bhartiyata (Indianness) involve atonement, forgiveness, evolution, faith, devotion, tolerance, mutual respect, and belief in divinity?

Economics of Jugaad - good for survival, not so for growth


‘Jugaad’ in economic field is as dangerous as in personal (like self medication) and political (caste and religion based politics, adhocism in key socio-economic policies etc.)

After BJP issued its 2014 election manifesto early this month, the media debate for once appeared focusing on issues like economic growth and development, employment, inflation etc. I was gratified to note the diversion from redundant issues like communalism and dynastic politics towards more relevant issues. But my state of gratification did not last beyond two days. The media debate has blatantly reverted back to conventional adrenaline enhancing subjects.

In past few days, both the leading PMship contenders have mostly focused on criticizing each other; in between offering some glimpses of their economic thoughts. Unfortunately, except for communists, no other party offers any material economic solutions. The communists’ solution naturally suffers from antiquity and dogmatism.

A close study of the economic part of their manifestos and their subsequent public utterances would suggest that they intend to continue pursuing the economics of jugaad that in my view has done tremendous harm to the country and her people in past six decades.

The ‘jugaad’ mindset has perennially pushed back India and Indians tenaciously into survival mode, preventing development of a strong foundation for economic growth and prosperity.

The ‘jugaad’ mindset reflects poorly on almost every aspect of the socio-economic life in India. This has severely impacted the pursuit of excellence, a hall mark of Indian art, culture, engineering, architecture, industry till 19th century, at least. Today, “Quality” is something India and Indians are not particularly known for globally.

The ‘jugaad’ mindset has also doggedly constricted the vision of an average Indian entrepreneur. Except for a handful of Indians, most of whom have the benefit of studying and/or working overseas, not many have thought about scalable business models. Consequently:

·         Despite having a rich culinary tradition for centuries, millions of connoisseurs, and thousands of great eateries – why we could not create a McDonald, Dominos or Pizza Hut in India?

·         Despite having over 2000yrs of rich tradition of fashion, fabric manufacturing, dress designing and abundant raw material availability why no Indian textile or fashion brands figures prominently in global fashion and textile industry?

·         Coke quit India in 1977-78, leaving behind all manufacturing facilities, customers with taste for soda based drinks, distribution and marketing channel and sales infrastructure. For 14yrs Indian manufacturers had no competition whatsoever, till Pepsi and Coke re-entered India. Why did Campa cola, Parle and Duke not survive the competition from Pepsi and Coke even for a decade?

·         Despite being one of the oldest civilization, tradition of living and networking in communities, spending considerable time in chaupals and doing Adda till late night, availability of tremendous IT skills – no Indian thought of creating Facebook – an e-chaupal with over US$150bn in market cap.

·         Despite claiming ourselves to be the world leaders in the field of religion, spirituality, culture etc. we could not create Mecca, Vatican, Jerusalam out of Vrindavan, Kashi, Tirupati, Ajmer, Haridwar, etc. Most of these places are filthy and criminally inadequate in basic tourist infrastructure.

·         Despite slavery of many centuries, why we still depend on those very foreigners for supply of equipment, arms and ammunition for our armed forces?

·         Why failing to win an Olympic gold medal is a subject of national shame; failing to get nomination in Oscars is subject of national disappointment, but not getting a single Nobel for mathematics, science or literature post independence does not evoke any regrets or discussion? Remember, we always proudly claim ourselves to be pioneers in the fields of mathematics, physics, astrophysics, metallurgical and medical sciences etc.

·         Why we derive pride from the success of emigrated Indians who have taken foreign citizenship?

·         Despite being the largest producer of milk, and huge surplus food grain stock, why India is bracketed with some poorest third world countries in terms of child malnutrition?

·         Why an average Indian male feels proud in being sexist when our religion, culture, and traditions propound supremacy of feminine power (The Mother Supreme)?

·         Why an average Indian feels proud in being racist when our religion, culture, and traditions preach universality of human (Vasudeva Kutumbakam)?

These are not but just a few of the illustrations that explain the harmful effects of the ‘jugaad’ mindset. ‘Jugaad’ in economic field is as dangerous as in personal life (like self medication) and political (caste and religion based politics, adhocism in key socio-economic policies etc.)

Rahul Gandhi says that his priority would be to get petty low skill mass manufacturing industrial jobs back from China. This is ‘jugaad’ at its worst. Why on earth you want those low paying low skill jobs and highly polluting industries back. The focus should rather be on skilling the work force and creating high paying skilled jobs in advanced technology industry and services sector.

Narendra Modi says that he will brand Indian cities by occasionally holding international conventions, summit meeting and high level dignitaries’ visits to various places of tourist interests. I would like to bring to his notice that Rajiv Gandhi used this tactic by organizing “Bharat Mahotsav” in a ’jugaad’ fashion. The most recent example is organization of CWG games in 2010.

Another example is much touted solar power plant over Narmada Canal in Gujarat. Studies suggest that this ‘jugaad’ model may be at least 25-30% more expensive and inefficient than conventional models.

A few years ago popular economist and columnist Swaminathan S. Anklesaria Aiyar wrote in vehement support of ‘jugaad’. I strongly beg to differ. I believe we need a strong conceptual framework for quality, sustainability, and scalability to grow faster. Jugaad may be good for 5%.

Readers can send their views, comments, criticism to the author at vijaygaba.investrekk@gmail.com

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