Wednesday, March 14, 2018

What is bothering Indian markets - 5



Thought for the day

"Power is given only to those who dare to lower themselves and pick it up. Only one thing matters, one thing; to be able to dare!"

—Fyodor Dostoevsky (Russian, 1821-1881)

Word for the day

Busticate (v)

To break into pieces.

Malice towards none

#NareshAgarwal

#NarayanRane

It's beginning of an End. A terrible End.

Bhasmasur after all is not a mythical character.


The eccentricity of North Korean dictator Kim Jong Un highlights the threat which keeps the humanity endangered.
Despite NPT, nuclear disarmament treaty and other mutual and multilateral understandings in post cold war era, there is a huge pile of active and very potent nuclear weapons still available in the world. This stock is sufficient to destroy the entire global population many times over.
The "deterrent purpose" argument is totally unpalatable. If that was the only objective, 100-200 weapons would have been sufficient. You do not need 10000 nuclear weapons to deter the enemy, howsoever powerful it may be.
The point to ponder is whether such a massive human effort will go totally waste or the Satan will put it to use some day!


What is bothering Indian markets - 5

After enjoying falling oil prices for three consecutive years, India is experiencing reversal in oil trade gains.
In the last three fiscal years, India experienced a positive terms of trade shock. But in the first three quarters of 2017-18, oil prices have been about 16 percent greater in dollar terms than in the previous year. It is estimated that a $10 per barrel increase in the price of oil reduces growth by 0.2-0.3 percentage points, increases WPI inflation by about 1.7% and worsens the CAD by about $9-10 billion dollars.

The market opinion on oil price trajectory going forward is vertically divided.
One section believes that OPEC and Russia should continue to control production supporting higher prices for global crude. A large number of hedge funds and derivative traders seems to actually positioned according to this view.
The other view, which has gained prominence in recent weeks is that rise in US production of shale oil, adequate inventories and slow demand growth should render the OPEC cuts ineffective and global crude oil prices should correct back to sub $50/bbl level.
Whatever be the future outcome, the Indian markets seem worried about the prospects of higher oil prices sustaining through 2019. Given the empirical experience, the collective wisdom of market seems to be pricing in a fiscal slippage due to oil subsidies staging a comeback in election year (2019).
After improving for two years (mainly on low oil prices), the trade deficit of India has started worsening again.
The current account deficit has also widened in 2017-18 and is expected to average about 2% percent of GDP for the year as a whole. The current account deficit can be split into a manufacturing trade deficit, an oil and gold deficit, a services deficit, and a remittances deficit. In the first half of 2017-18, the oil and gold balance has improved (smaller deficit of $47 billion) but this has been offset by a higher trade deficit ($18 billion) and a reduced services surplus ($37 billion), the latter two reflecting a deterioration in the economy’s competitiveness.
Moreover, given the low growth base of oil and gold deficit, a likely pick up there could worsen the picture further.
Moreover, given the low growth base of oil and gold deficit, a likely pick up there could worsen the picture further.

The worst part remains that despite all government effort to improve trade balance, like increase in import duties and import substitution efforts through programs like Make in India, may have limited impact only due mainly to lack of resource availability & capability.

Given that the foreign investment flows into Indian equities and bonds have slowed down in recent time, funding of current account deficit could be a challenging task; though no balance of payment problem is foreseen as yet.
Nonetheless, like other deficit currencies like Indonesian Rupiah and Philippine Peso, Indian Rupees is also seen vulnerable to external shocks, because they need funding for their current-account deficits, and the environment is not supportive for portfolio flows.
Any currency to the much talked about trade war may weaken INR further, given its vulnerability to external shocks.
No wonders, INR has been one of the worst performing emerging currencies in last one month.



The worst part remains that despite all government effort to improve trade balance, like increase in import duties and import substitution efforts through programs like Make in India, may have limited impact only due mainly to lack of resource availability & capability.




Tuesday, March 13, 2018

What's bothering Indian markets - 4

"Deprived of meaningful work, men and women lose their reason for existence; they go stark, raving mad."
—Fyodor Dostoevsky (Russian, 1821-1881)
Word for the day
Paseo (n)
A slow, idle, or leisurely walk or stroll.
A public place or path designed for walking; promenade.
Malice towards none
Hakuna Matata!
 
First random thought this morning
Profligate print and electronic media advertisement by an institution or person, has in many cases been a harbinger of simmering scam underneath.
Many in their 40s would remember the plethora of celebrities endorsing "Home Trade" two decades back. Sahara India is another name.
These days, a small jurisdiction in Africa is bombarding India print and electronic media coaxing Indian investors to invest there.
Do you get an eerie feeling? 

What's bothering Indian markets - 4

Indian banks have been struggling with the issue of non-performing assets (NPAs), for past few years.



A deeper study may be needed to establish the cause and effect relationship between the bank balance sheet problem and broader economic growth trend. Nonetheless, the NPA problem got exacerbated when the GDP growth has seen a declining trend;

...and credit growth has remained quite subdued.

More worrisome is the fact that Personal loans, usually considered the most vulnerable segment of bank credit has become a dominant segment in credit growth. In December 2017, it contributed 43.3% to the incremental credit mix.
Within personal loans, the riskiest segment Credit Card lending took the lead, while growth in vehicle financing moderated to 9.3% YoY.


There are a multitude of reasons responsible for deterioration in asset quality of banks. Some prominent being:

(a)   Delay in execution of large infra and industrial projects, due to protracted litigation, departmental clearances and financial closures.
(b)   Poor judgment of the viability of the project.
(c)    Economic slowdown impacting the demand.
(d)   Frauds, scams and manipulations
(e)    Global development (dumping, change in technology etc.) rendering the projects unviable subsequently.
In past few months, the government took a number of steps to repair the balance sheets of public sector banks, notably, recapitalization of banks and accelerated resolution of NPAs under the new bankruptcy law.
However, some recent events appeared to have impacted the revival plans for banks. For example:
(a)   In its bid to accelerate the NPL clean-up, RBI has withdrawn all forms of restructuring dispensations such as 5/25 refinance, strategic debt restructuring (SDRs), S4A etc. The RBI has also asked banks to expedite the resolution process in existing cases where the restructuring guidelines have been invoked; else those cases would be referred to the bankruptcy courts.
(b)   The alleged fraud that started at PNB, has created tremendous uncertainty in the entire banking sector. The extent and impact of the fraud is difficult to judge at this stage. This is likely to make bank managements, regulators and auditors excessively paranoid.
(c)           Most importantly, the rate cycle in the economy looks to have started moving higher



These events:
(a)   threaten to impact profitability of lenders;
(b)   may require material amount of further provisioning; and
(c)    may lead many more "on the edge account" into NPA category.
The markets may therefore be right in bothering about the health of financial sector in near term.

Friday, March 9, 2018

What is bothering Indian markets - 3

"Acting is very fascinating, but being an actress is not, because you become so concentrated on yourself."
—Beatrice Wood (American, 1893-1998)
Word for the day
Minerva (n)
A woman of great wisdom.
Malice towards none
Bhasmasur is not an entirely a mythical character.
 
First random thought this morning
Globally, India is widely recognized as the diabetes capital of world. Indian government has also acknowledged this fact on a number of occasions.
However this acknowledgement has not resulted in acceptance of this fact. The designing and construction of most civic infrastructure and amenities therefore is incongruent to the fact that a large number of diabetic people will regularly use these amenities. For example, Delhi Metro has provided space for public toilets only on a few interchange stations; NHAI does not construct and public toilets on the highways nor does it require private road operators to do so!

What is bothering Indian markets - 3

As per a recent report published by RBI, currently the average capacity utilization in Indian industries is close to 72%. This has been the case for few years. The IIP growth during this period has been at multi year low.

However, the inflation has jumped above the RBI target rate of 4%.

This is when the economic growth has just started to pick up and is still seen much below the potential, leaving a large output gap. Private consumption is showing no sign of revival, employment level remains poor, and most of the investment demand is driven by public investment.
Despite benign growth, high output gap, and poor consumption growth, the rates have started to rise. Most banks have raised both the deposit and lending rates in past few weeks. The benchmark government bonds yields hace risen by more than 110bps in past six months.




The arguments in favor of higher bond yields have been many but mostly unsubstantiated, e.g., fiscal concerns, rise in global yields etc.
This situation is quite unusual. There is no instance in recent history where rate cycle would have reversed in this early stage of growth cycle.
So far we have not seen any effort from the government or RBI that would inspire confidence. To the contrary, the still rising stress in bank balance sheets, tighter domestic liquidity (though RBI announced early this week, pumping of Rs1trn in market to ease liquidity), tightening global liquidity threaten that rates may stay elevated in near term at least.
Higher cost of funds may not only impact corporate profitability, but also impede the investment plans.
Since, RBI is totally focused on inflation targeting, banks have to deal with the new set of problems, and government may get too busy with election schedule - the growth may not be a top priority for now.
This must be bothering equity investors



Thursday, March 8, 2018

What is bothering Indian markets - 2

"But, you see, the theatre is not always art in America."
—Beatrice Wood (American, 1893-1998)
Word for the day
Benighted (adj)
Intellectually or morally ignorant; Unenlightened
Malice towards none
à€•ुà€› à€­ी à€šà€čीं à€čै,
 à€Źाà€•़ी à€Źाà€œ़ाà€° à€šà€Č à€°à€čा
à€čै\
à€Żे
à€•ाà€°ोà€Źाà€°-à€-
à€Šुà€šिà€Żा,
à€Źेà€•ाà€°
à€šà€Č à€°à€čा à€čै\
—~à€žाà€Čिà€ź à€žà€Čीà€ź
 
First random thought this morning
BJP won Tripura elections on the promise of "rule of law" and "good governance". An act of public outrage and destruction of public property (even if it is Lenin statute, it is public property constructed with people's money), with police acting mute spectator, is not an inspiring beginning.
The debate in media is totally irrational and ridiculously frivolous. Dragging Mahatma Gandhi and Bhagat Singh into this quagmire is blasphemous.
The better course would have been to pass a resolution in Assembly (BJP has 2/3rd majority), condemn Marx and Lenin and officially remove it.
Else, let people freely destroy all Mughal and British monuments!

What is bothering Indian markets - 2

In my view, the aggregate earnings growth estimates for FY19 and FY20 are optimistic and may need moderation in coming months.
I believe that analysts are not fully factoring the impact of the following in their estimates:
(a)   Rise in financing cost.
(b)   Persistently high inflationary expectations and hence acceleration in wage cost.
(c)    Higher compliance cost, including higher incidence of tax and higher compensation for natural resources.
(d)   Further deterioration in asset quality of banks and NBFCs as (i) paranoia hits compliance & audit functions; and (ii) rise in lending rates impairs debt servicing capability of more marginal borrowers.
(e)    Extrapolating 3QFY18 earnings to FY19 and FY20 may not be appropriate as this quarter had a low yoy (DeMo affected) and qoq (GST roll out impact) base. The aggregate 3Q growth normalized for these two major disruptions, does not give much reason for being ebullient, especially considering that the earnings have remained flat for past three years.
I have read over 25 reports analyzing 3QFY18 results and forecasting FY19 and FY20 earnings post these results. All analysts appear predetermined to project a rather optimistic picture of FY19/FY20 earnings. They have therefore tried to present 3Q analysis on selective basis, like Ex-financials, Ex-SBI, Ex-energy, Ex-financials & OMCs etc.
I would though like to ignore this selection bias and consider the aggregate numbers. On aggregate basis:
(i)         Nifty top line grew 13.4% (yoy) despite a low base affected by DeMo.
(ii)        Nifty EBIDTA grew by 8.8% below consensus estimates of over 11%.
(iii)       Nifty PAT grew 7%, much below estimates of over 13%.
The consensus amongst analysts is forecasting ~25% EPS growth in FY19 and another 18-19% growth in FY20. We have hardly seen any downgrades in past 6months. On these basis one year forward PE of current Nifty level is close to 17x, which is still higher than the long term average.
I feel before the dust settles on NPA issue, we may see another round of business disruptions, as credit is squeezed and cost is hiked.
Having said this, I must highlight, it would be highly imprudent to ignore the broad based earnings recovery and green shoots sprouting in various patches of the economy. I therefore feel that investors should stay alert and keep exploring opportunities burgeoning in pockets.

 
 
 
(Source: MoSl, Credit Suisse)

Wednesday, March 7, 2018

What is bothering Indina markets?

"A rich poet from Harvard has no sense in his mind, except the aesthetic."
—Beatrice Wood (American, 1893-1998)
Word for the day
Ergophobia (n)
An abnormal fear of work;
An aversion to work.
Malice towards none
If my memory serves me right, earlier, RSS and therefore all its affiliates, used to dislike Buddhism.
What is the current status on this?
 
First random thought this morning
The CBSE Board examination for class 10 and 12 started from Monday. A visit to one of the examination centers confused me a lot. There were many things, but this one thing was seriously bothersome.
Students from 7 different schools have been assigned to this particular center (also a school) for writing exams. Most students, this being their first "Board Exam", appeared nervous. The alien place further compounded their anxiety. The parent accompanying the students waited outside the center for hours, helpless, anxious and distressed.
This very concept of making students to go to different place for writing exam, smacked of a "serious mistrust" of the system in its own schools, teachers and students. It should be completely unacceptable; and is also contrary to what PM Modi promised when he took oath of office in 2014.

What is bothering Indina markets?

In past one month there has been a definite change in the market sentiment. A significant number of market participants, who hitherto held an unqualified positive view on Indian equities, have turned conspicuously cautious. A number of legendary investors and reputable fund managers have sounded multiple notes of caution.
Even Rakesh Jhunjhunwala, fondly termed Warren Buffet of India, has also opined, a couple of days back, that Indian market might have already logged their intermediate top and may not rise from current levels in a hurry.
Foreign bankers like CLSA and Morgan Stanley have reduced the weight of India in their model emerging market portfolios by 1-2.5%, in past few weeks.
This caution is on the back of incessant selling by foreign investors in past many months. Out of past 9months, FPIs have been net sellers on stock exchanges for 8 months. The domestic mutual funds and institutions have however bought whatever FPIs have offered to sell. Nifty has is higher by ~3% since its July 2017 highs.
The bearish view amongst the domestic participants however is still tentative and lacks strong conviction. Hence, the domestic flows remain unabated.
What I gather from the popular commentary is that the participants are worried about a variety of factor. Some prominent of these factors could be listed as follows:
1.    Earnings growth has been below expectations, and may see downgrade in coming months. The valuations appear elevated.
2.    The rate cycle appears to have turned. The next RBI may be a hike.
3.    Banks may see a fresh round of slippages.
4.    Continuation of production curbs by OPEC could see crude prices remaining firm and rise further. Inflation & CAD situation may worsen.
5.    Higher US yields may see acceleration in FPI selling, even in debt, putting further pressure on INR.
6.    A spate of election in next 15months could lead the government to focus more on rural areas (higher farm subsidies and MSP) and less on urban infrastructure.
7.    GST stabilization may take longer than estimated, thus keeping the fiscal at elevated level.
8.    We may see higher supply of PSE stocks to meet the fiscal gap.
9.    Global growth may falter as inflation and rates pick up.
10.  Market needs to cool down after a sharp run up.
I shall present my views on each of these concerns in coming days.

Tuesday, March 6, 2018

2019 = 1977+1989?

"Most potters go in for earth tones and subdued things, whereas I like color."
—Beatrice Wood (American, 1893-1998)
Word for the day
Peculate (v)
To steal or take dishonestly (money, especially public funds, or property entrusted to one's care); embezzle.
Malice towards none
D'nile is not a river in Egypt.
#CongressParty
 
First random thought this morning
The race to show one's hatred, especially towards the establishment, was never so intense. A slight hint of opportunity and every one rushes to condemn the entire system, establishment, traditions, gender, religion, community etc. Not a thought is spared before painting the entire spectrum black. Unfortunately the race is invariably led by the elite and intellectuals.
A classic example was seen last week, when a couple of young girls decided to play a creepy prank on police. They complained that they have been hit by balloons filled by semen. Hundreds of "progressive" citizens instantaneously pounced on the opportunity and castigated "male gender", "Hindu traditions", "Holi festival", "Police department" and "apathetic society", without even bothering about the plausibility of the alleged crime!

2019 = 1977+1989?

The recently concluded elections for three north eastern state legislatures validated a variety of trends in Indian polity, particularly those that emerged in past 4years. Some of the trends could be listed as follows:
(a)   BJP has gained political ground across the country, primarily at the expense of the Congress Party.
(b)   Since, the emphatic Lok Sabha victory in 2014, BJP has managed to win almost all relevant elections, wherever it was the principal party straight in contest with the Congress Party.
Beyond the popular perception about the last Gujarat assembly elections, one must note that BJP won in spite of 25yrs of anti incumbency; a rather unimpressive local leadership that replaced charismatic Modi; poor cotton and groundnut crop realization leading to elevated farmers' distress; Patidar (traditional BJP voter) agitation; and Dalit unrest, etc.
(c)    The ideological base of Indian politics has mostly eroded.
The right wing BJP, in its hurry to grow a pan India base has taken the "inorganic growth" route, incorporating a large number of core group people from so called socialist, secular, caste based and/or regional parties. These new incumbents hardly subscribe to the core RSS ideology and BJP ethos.
The left parties, having lost most of their bastion, appears more keen to play second fiddle to the Congress Party.
The Congress Party is eager to align with the Socialist parties whose raison d'ĂȘtre has been anti Congressism. These Socialist Parties having degenerated into feudal fiefdoms of few families are also happy aligning with the Congress Party to retain their relevance as legitimate political force.
(d)   The Congress is now relegated to 3rd or lower position in states comprising more than 50% of India's voter base, viz., UP, Bihar, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Jharkhand, etc. There is nothing to suggest that the Party is even trying to regain its vote share in these states. It rather appear more willing to yield further ground to the respective strongest regional party in these states. So any alternative to BJP will be a fragmented coalition with no partner with pan India presence.
This situation is very similar to 1977, when all regional parties aligned to defeat the mighty Indira Gandhi. The interesting thing to note is that both in 1977 (Morarji Desai, Jagjiwan Ram, Raj Narayan, et. al.) and 1989 (V. P. Singh, Arif Mohammad Khan, M. M. Sayeed, V. C. Shukla, Satyapal Malik, et. al.) there were tall Congress leaders who challenged and defeated the Congress Party.
The point to ponder therefore is will history repeat itself or Modi shall remain invincible in 2019 and perhaps beyond too!