Wednesday, December 3, 2014

Subsidy reforms: Need a micro approach

Thought for the day
"In modern business it is not the crook who is to be feared most, it is the honest man who doesn't know what he is doing. "
-          William Wordsworth (English, 1770-1850)
Word for the day
Nosophobia (n)
An abnormal fear of disease.
(Source: Dictionary.com)
Teaser for the day
Heard on street: the top leadership of Congress is in drought mode post Lok Sabha election. Preservation and thrift is the order of the day at Akbar Road and Janpath!

Subsidy reforms: Need a micro approach

One of the major problem with the centralized planning process has been the misguided and misdirected social welfare planning and subsidization programs.
It is critical to evaluate this aspect, along with more popular foreign investment and PSU disinvestment policies, to make a realistic assessment of need for reforms in social spending of the government as in past decade or so it has accounted for over 50% of the total budget spending.
Efforts to achieve socio-economic and regional equality and justice through various subsidies and welfare programs have not yielded desired results in past six decades.
Whereas it is common to cite poor execution and leakages as the primary cause for sub-optimal results of the social welfare programs, in my view, the primary reason is disregard to regional diversities.
For example consider the following:
(a)   Lakshadweep (95%) and J&K (65%) have large Muslim population; whereas Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland (65-85%) have large Christian population. Implementing uniform religion based welfare program for these states is bound to fail.
Similarly, the Schedule Tribe population in Hathras district in UP (0.1%) Goa (0.04%) are materially different from the ST population Mizoram (95%) and Lakshdweep (95%). How implementing same reservation policies in these states, Union Territories or even districts could yield desired results.
(b)   The southern states in India mostly witness hot weather and receive abundant sunlight. Western states get abundant sunlight, have arid environment. Northern, Central and Eastern states have a variety of seasons, while hill states mostly have cold climate.
Having uniform energy policy and subsidization for all these states is bound to produce disastrous results, as the case have been.
For example, a solar energy based subsidy policy in south and west, a wind and tidal energy based subsidy regime in coastal areas, and a mix of solar/LPG/KSO subsidy regime in northern and central plains, and hydel energy based subsidies to hill areas from beginning could have created an amazing energy security infrastructure in the country in past six decades.
(c)   For example, Punjab & Haryana, UP & Bihar, MP, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu have very different water resource profile and irrigation infrastructure. Within UP eastern and western parts differ materially. Having uniform food and farm subsidy regime has only increased regional disparities.

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