Do it yourself

The 2025 th   year of the Christ is beginning on a very tentative note, particularly for investors in financial markets. The past four years have been relatively smooth for investors. With the benefit of hindsight, we can confidently claim that the markets were mostly driven by macro factors. Unprecedented liquidity infusion by the central banks and fiscal support to consumers across the world helped most asset classes to perform well. Despite massive global disruptions due to the pandemic and geopolitical, the volatility in markets was largely contained. Since most asset classes yielded decent returns for investors, they were not really pushed hard to make choices. However, the trend seen in the past few months is indicating that the conditions might change materially in the next 12-24 months. The macro trends may become ambivalent and unpredictable. Investors may need to make choices; and the return they would earn on their investment portfolios would largely depend on the choice...

Telangana was the first State in India to implement a basic income scheme for all the 6 million farmers of the state, in 2018. Under the Rythu Bandhu Scheme, the state government offers to pay Rs10000/year to the farmers of the state, irrespective of the size of landholding. The amount is given by a bearer cheque through Village Panchayat. Commendably, before implementing the scheme, the State made all land titled good, by completely digitizing the land records and issuing new fully secured title deeds (Land Pass Books) to all the farmers. All land holdings records are transparent and could be digitally verified by anyone. Subsequently, the state governments of West Bengal and Odisha, implemented their versions of the Telangana scheme. But these schemes lacked the basic ecosystem of clean land records like Telangana, hence were seen prone to leakage and misuse. Sensing the evolving trend at the state level, the Union Government, implemented a nationwide scheme of guaranteed basic i...

The sentiments of greed (risk-taking) and fear (risk-aversion) are two key factors that determine the breadth and depth of the stock market performance over a short term. In the risk-averse phase usually themes like large cap, defensive, value, dividend yield, etc. lead the market performance. In this scenario, the market breadth is usually narrow; fewer companies raise fresh capital; volatility is low; and market breadth is consistently poor. On the other hand, in the risk-taking phase, themes like small and midcap, growth, cyclicals, etc. lead the market performance. In an environment supporting risk-taking, usually the market breadth is strong, volumes are above average, and volatility is higher. The primary market is very active in this phase, as a larger number of entrepreneurs look to raise fresh capital for growth and deleveraging. The year 2024, however, has seen some divergent trends. Several contradictions prevailed, which not only raise doubts about the validity of the...

The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) of the US federal Reserve (Fed) obliged the market consensus by cutting its overnight borrowing rate by 25bps to a target range of 4.25%-4.5%. One member of FOMC voted against the cut, preferring to maintain the status quo. Noting the economic conditions, especially still elevated inflationary expectations and resilient growth, the Fed indicated that 2025 may see fewer cuts than the previously estimated number. “With today’s action, we have lowered our policy rate by a full percentage point from its peak, and our policy stance is now significantly less restrictive,” Chair Jerome Powell said at his post-meeting news conference. “We can therefore be more cautious as we consider further adjustments to our policy rate.” The FOMC raised its projection for full-year 2024 GDP growth to 2.5%, from 2% in September. However, in the following years, the FOMC officials expect GDP to slow down to its long-term projection of 1.8%. The committee lowered its...

Traditionally, the asset allocators have considered the potential return of the various alternatives (to equity and fixed income) to determine the portfolio structure of investors. Of course, the factors like size of portfolio, feasibility of investing in assets like real estate, risk appetite of individual investor, and liquidity requirements etc., influence the allocation to some alternatives. However, dematerialization of assets like real estate (through REITS), Gold (ETF) Bonds (bond funds, RBI direct investment platform etc.) now makes the alternatives relevant even for small investors. In the past one year, the alternatives assets (e.g., gold, bitcoin) have performed significantly better than equities. Even the average yield of long duration bond funds has been similar to the Nifty50 return. The investors may therefore want to evaluate the return prospects of these alternatives in future to determine their asset allocation strategy.   In this context, I note the following to ...

A veteran investor recently recommended investors to buy “bruised blue chips”. He was purportedly referring to the consumer goods manufacturers that have underperformed in the year 2024. For reference, Nifty FMCG index is down 0.3% YTD2024 against ~14% rise in Nifty50. Historically in India, the FMCG sector had mostly outperformed the benchmark indices. Intermittent short periods of underperformance were traditionally seen by the long-term investors as an opportunity to buy/add FMCG stocks to their portfolio. However, the trend seen in the past one decade (reasonably long period in my view) seems to be defying this conventional wisdom. Since 2014, Nifty FMCG has yielded a return of ~236% against a rise of 305% in Nifty 50. Thus, the conventional wisdom of preferring consumer goods manufacturers may not have been a great investment strategy, even accounting for the higher dividend yield in consumer stocks. In my view, the underperformance of traditional FMCG blue chips is structural and...

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) recently released the results of its latest   forward-looking surveys   (November 2024 Round). Based on the feedback received from the respondents the survey results provide important insights with respect to consumer confidence, inflationary expectations and economic growth expectations. Consumer confidence – Present tense, hopes high for future The survey collects current perceptions (vis-à-vis a year ago) and one year ahead expectations of households on general economic situation, employment scenario, overall price situation, own income and spending across 19 major cities. As per the survey results, Consumer confidence for the current period declined marginally owing to weaker sentiments across the survey parameters except household spending. The current situation index (CSI) moderated to 94 in November 2024 from 94.7 two months ago. (A value below 100 indicates a state of pessimism) However, for the year ahead, consumer confidence remained e...

The two-decade period between 1988-2008 saw the most remarkable progress in the sphere of international relations and collaborations. The technological developments made global trade faster and cheaper, aiding global businesses to collaborate with distant partners to optimally exploit their core competencies to materially enhance productivity. End of the Cold War and fall of the Berlin Wall led to nearly full integration of global economies and unprecedented growth in global trade. The global financial crisis (2008-09) however paused the trend. The global trade and technological partners forces began to grow increasingly uncomfortable with technological, trade and political collaborations. Emerging global forces like China & India erstwhile global political powers like Russia, the UK, and Japan etc. found the terms of engagement unfavorable and started to focus on developing regional alliances. Breaking of global supply chains due to outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic provided further...

Notwithstanding a marked slowdown in the past few quarters, the Indian economy has managed to grow at a decent pace in the current global context. Though India may have lost the crown of the fastest growing global economy to Vietnam, it still remains the fastest growing amongst the top 10 global economies. The Reserve Bank of India is holding US$658bn in forex reserves, which is considered adequate in normal circumstances or even in a usual cyclical slowdown. Despite accelerated selling in equity markets by the foreign portfolio investors (FPIs), the current account deficit of ~1.5% of GDP, is conveniently manageable. INR has been one of the most stable emerging market currencies. On the real effective exchange rate (REER) basis INR is presently ruling at a five-year high level. In their recent policy review, the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the Reserve Bank of India has cut growth estimates for FY25 by 60bps to 6.6% and 1QFY26 by 40bps to 6.9%. The MPC has also hiked their infla...

The National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) released results of the   Comprehensive Annual Modular Survey 2022-2023   a few weeks ago. The survey made many interesting findings. Some of the key findings could be listed as follows: Primary school enrollments:  Among persons of age group 6 to 10 years, about 90.5% in rural areas and 89.2% in urban areas are currently enrolled in primary education. 25% of rural children and 20% of urban children who never enrolled in school, did it because they were not interested in studies. Another major reason for non-enrollment was “parents not interested in sending them to school”. Among persons aged 15-24 years, around 97.8% of males and 95.9% of females are able to read and write short simple statements in their everyday life with understanding and are also able to perform simple arithmetic calculations. Secondary education:  In urban areas, only 56.6% persons of age 25 years and above have some secondary education. Whereas, i...