Do it yourself

The recent discussion triggered by a viral video featuring Sanjeev Prasad , Co-Head – Institutional Equities at Kotak Institutional Equities, has reignited scrutiny of India’s IPO markets. Prasad highlighted that over the past five years, roughly 40% of IPO proceeds have gone to promoters and early investors, while only around 15% has been deployed toward capital expenditure—suggesting limited contribution to real economic asset creation. His statement resonated widely, reflecting growing investor unease over whether public equity markets are increasingly serving as exit avenues rather than engines of new growth. While the concern is valid and deserves examination, the broader picture is more nuanced than a headline statistic reveals. The Concern: Is the IPO market becoming exit driven? The disproportionate share of Offer for Sale (OFS) raises legitimate questions: ·          Are IPOs being priced and marketed primarily to facilitate stake...

In recent weeks, a lot of market participants and commentators have expressed concern about the rising household (retail) investors’ interest in the SME segment of the Indian stock market. It has been highlighted that most of the businesses being listed on this platform may not be genuine and/or sustainable. The regulators have also expressed apprehensions about the widespread manipulation in the prices of several SME stocks. A 400x oversubscription to the recent Rs120mn IPO of a motorcycle dealership in Delhi has provided further impetus to the discussions on this topic. There are demands that the criteria for listing on SME segments must be tightened and there should be deeper scrutiny of the companies proposing to list on this segment. The regulator, SEBI, is considering these demands and intends to prescribe stricter rules for the SME listings. In this context it is pertinent to note the following points. 1.      As part of the broader capital market reforms, whi...

Ravi Bhatt, a brilliant student, completed his senior school education in 2018; went to a prestigious college in the US; completed his post-graduation in 2023. Worked some odd jobs in the interim and also interned with a top consulting firm. After finishing college, Ravi searched for a suitable job, but could not find any for more than six months. Finally, he returned to India in the autumn of 2023 and unsuccessfully tried for a decent job in India for a few months. Earlier this year he borrowed five million rupees from his father, a successful surgeon, and started trading in stocks and derivatives. Being a brilliant student, good in mathematics and data analytics, he soon developed a trading model of his own. He is now a full-time stock trader; making decent money; perhaps more than what he could have earned, working long hours for a consulting firm. Mitesh Gupta, an average student, passed senior school in 2021. He failed to pass the admission test for graduate school. He joined a ...

The financial market regulators (RBI and SEBI) have repeatedly cautioned investors and intermediaries in the past few months. However, regulators’ cautions mostly went unheeded as both intermediaries and investors continued to ignore fundamentals, moved with the momentum, and exceeded their limits – regulatory and financial. Consequently, the regulators have begun affirmative action. Following some preventive and corrective actions the regulators took, there is palpable panic amongst the market participants. There are a lot of queries, especially from small investors, who are usually gullible and easily get misled by the manipulative tactics used by the devious operators and end up buying junk stocks at high prices. The queries usually include – “should I buy more to average my cost?”; “it’s already down 40% from high, how much more could it fall?”; “The stock is falling daily, should I sell it now and buy lower?” I do not have any specific answers to these queries. However, from my ex...

The government is making an offer for sale (OFS) for 3.5% stake in the Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC). At Rs 902, the lower point of the price band fixed for OFS, the LIC will be valued at Rs 5.7 trn. At this valuation it will be the fifth largest publicly listed Indian entity. The OFS will yield Rs199.7bn to the government, about 30.6% of the total disinvestment target of Rs650bn fixed for FY23. The government has apparently cut the offer size from 5% announced in February 2022 to 3.5%, considering the jittery market conditions. We shall therefore see multiple follow-on offers from the government in the coming years. 10% of the shares offered for sale are reserved for the policyholders of LIC; and 0.7% shares on offer are reserved for employees of LIC. 31.25% of the offer is reserved for household (retail) investors. Applicants from these categories will get a discount of Rs45 (Rs. 60 for policyholders) on the actual offer price. For all these categories the maximum appli...

The principle and overriding function of the securities market regulator, The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is to protect the interests of the investors in the securities market. The other functions, viz., orderly development and regulation of securities markets are secondary, in my view. However, there is overwhelming anecdotal evidence to indicate that the regulators have given precedence to market development and regulation over the principle objective of investor protection. There are many instances in past 3-4years alone to indicate this. In the episodes of IL&FS, Franklin Templeton, Yes Bank, Jet Airways, Karvy etc., the interests of the investors in these entities were compromised. Moreover, little efforts were made to ensure that prospective investors are given full disclosures about the risk and reward of investing in the securities of these entities. Recently, we have seen repeat of this tendency. On Monday, the 7 th June 2021, evening, DHFL informed st...

In past couple of years the securities’ market regulator the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has amended many rules and implemented some new ones to bring the functioning of Indian securities markets further closer to the international standards. Being a signatory of the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO), a global body of securities market regulators, SEBI is mandated to implement global standards of market regulations in India, especially in the area of investor protection, systemic safety, and prohibition of unethical and fraudulent market practices. Some of the more discussed and criticized latest standards introduced by SEBI are – (a)    Segregation of financial intermediation and advisory functions. In line with the best global practices, to avoid potential conflict of interest and bring objectivity in advice, Investment Advisors have been prohibited from offering financial intermediation (MF distribution, brokerage etc.) (b)...

“Generation gap” has perhaps been a subject of study, discussion and debate ever since beginning of civilization. The new generations have been adopting new ways and methods of living, and the older generations have been rejecting these ways and methods as degeneration. The human civilization has evolved, regardless of this persistent conflict between experience and experiment. It could be matter of debate whether experience is good as a guide or driver. But in my view, there is no doubt that the innovation (experiment) of new ways and methods of living and doing things has been the primary driver of the human civilization so far. With the advancement in science and technology, the life span of people has increased materially in post WWII era especially. This expansion in life span has material impact on the dimensions of “generation gap”. The gap which was historically visible mostly between grandfather and grandsons is now sometime visible even in siblings born 5-6yrs apart. In...

 A few month ago, the banking and monetary regulator in India, the reserve Bank of India (RBI), assumed the responsibility of stimulating the economic growth, in addition to its primary responsibility of regulating & supervising the banking & money market institutions, formulating & implementing monetary policy to achieve the objectives of financial stability and price stability. Given the state of economy, no one could find any fault with the RBI assuming this additional responsibility. In fact the RBI was commended for taking this extra load. It is very well accepted that a well-functioning, deep and robust financial market is a must for economic development. On Wednesday, the financial market regulator, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) assumed the additional responsibility for reviving the sagging Indian economy. SEBI’s chairman reportedly said “SEBI is considering multiple steps to reboot the economy through financial market reforms”. He said, “It...

  A web series on the infamous Harshad Mehta scam of early 1990s seems to have triggered a debate on the present state of the financial regulation and risk management practices in India. The key point of interest is whether a scam similar to Harshad Mehta scam could recur! During late 1989-1992, a Mumbai (then Bombay) based stock broker Harshad Mehta used the inefficiency and lacunae in the banking and stock market systems to create massive pseudo credit. The credit so created was used to manipulate stocks prices, causing the first major bubble in Indian stock markets. This was the time when Indian economy was struggling with unprecedented balance of payment crisis, political uncertainty and higher energy prices due to war between Iraq and US (an ally of Kuwait) in the Persian gulf. Given the despondent economic situation huge short positions were built by traders in Indian equities. In the summer of 1991 the Congress government led by P. V. Narsimha Rao assumed office and unleas...

The last weekend was unusually hectic for most participants. Friday evening, the market regulator issued fresh guidelines for asset allocation by the mutual fund schemes operational under the "multicap fund" category. The guidelines specify that these mutual fund schemes must allocate at least 25% of assets under management to each of large cap, mid cap and small cap category of stocks. SEBI also directed that the minimum equity allocation of these funds shall be 75% (presently 65%) at any given point in time. The mutual funds are required to comply by these directions in six months, i.e., by February 2021. SEBI further clarified that these guidelines have been issued further to the guidelines regarding categorization and rationalization of Mutual Fund Schemes issued in October 2017. It is pertinent to note that as per SEBI directions, top 100 listed companies in terms of market capitalization are categorized as Large Cap. Companies ranked 101 to 250 are categorized as Mi...

Recently the SEBI chief was quoted saying that exempting companies from declaring 1QFY21 results by allowing them to combine 1QFY21 and 2QFY21 will be detrimental to the interest of investors. He reportedly said that "Without companies declaring their results for a quarter, investors, financial analysts and media might make their own estimates about companies' earnings, which could be less reliable and speculative". If this is really the thought process of regulator than it must be a cause of worry for all, especially investors. A regulator laying so much emphasis on quarterly earnings of companies highlights the adhoc nature of our regulatory framework for the market. It is pertinent to note that financial analysts and media do make their own estimates much before companies declare their results. The companies' performance is widely reported and evaluated by analysts and media in comparison to these estimates. The tone of the reporting is always th...